What is this:
- Macular degeneration (age-related maculopathy) is the main cause of central vision loss in people over 60 years old.
- The disease affects the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for clear vision (for example, reading, driving and recognizing faces).
The role of gold nanoparticles (GNP — Gold Nanoparticles):
- The unique properties of gold on the nanoscale allow it to be used:
- as a carrier for the delivery of drugs to damaged areas of the retina;
- to protect cells from oxidative stress, which plays a key role in the development of maculodystrophy;
- it is like a photosensitizer in laser therapy.
How it works:
- Nanoparticles are covered with bioactive molecules that purposefully bind to the affected cells of the retina.
- After introduction into the eye (usually by injection), they release active substances locally, minimizing side effects.
- Some methods use laser radiation that activates nanoparticles for the destruction of abnormal vessels (for example, in the wet form of maculodystrophy).
Research and results:
- In 2024-2025, several international laboratories (including in Great Britain, Japan and the USA) conducted successful preclinical tests.
- The first phases of clinical trials show:
- Slowing down degeneration;
- Improvement of contrast vision;
- Reduction of inflammation and vascular growth.
Technological advantages:
- Minimally invasive;
- High accuracy of drug delivery;
- Potential single or rare application, unlike frequent injections of other drugs (e.g., anti-VEGF).
Restrictions and challenges:
- Even more experimental level — there is no FDA or EMA approval;
- A long-term safety assessment is required: for example, how nanoparticles are removed from the body;
- The price may be high at the beginning of commercial use.
